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 Impact of a Volcanic Eruption on Agriculture and Forestry in New Zealand

Table of Contents

• Credits
  • Disclaimer
• Preface
• Executive Summary
• 1.0 Introduction and Background
• 2.0 Objectives and Terms of Reference
  • 2.1 Aim of Research , 2.2 Tasks
• 3.0 Volcanic Hazards in New Zealand
  • 3.1 Volcanism in New Zealand
    • 3.1.1 Status of New Zealand's Volcanoes, 3.1.2 Our Types of Volcano, 3.1.3 Distribution of New Zealand's Volcanoes, Volcanic Fields, Cone Volcanoes, Caldera Volcanoes, 3.1.4 Possible Future Eruption Scenarios
  • 3.2 Impacts of Volcanic Hazards
    • 3.2.1 Near-vent Destructive Hazards, 3.2.2 Distal Hazards
  • 3.3 Impacts of Ash Fall on Animals and Plants
    • 3.3.1 Impacts on Animals, 3.3.2 Impacts on Plants
  • 3.4 Properties of Ash
    • 3.4.1 Properties of Ash - Soluble Components
  • 3.5 Management
    • 3.5.1 Volcano Surveillance in New Zealand
• 4.0 Impacts of Ash Fall on New Zealand Pastoral Agriculture and Arable Cropping
  • 4.1 Background
  • 4.2 Near Vent Destructive Hazards
    • Pyroclastic Falls, Pyroclastic Density Currents, Lava, Lahars
  • 4.3 Distal hazards
    • Pyroclastic Fall Deposits - (Ash), 4.3.1 Impact On Livestock, 4.3.2 Impact on Pastures, 4.3.3 Impact on Arable Crops
  • 4.4 Ash Depths Scenarios
    • 4.4.1 Greater than 500 mm, 4.4.2 100 mm, 4.4.3 25-50 mm, 4.4.4 5 mm - 25 mm, 4.4.5 < 5 mm
  • 4.5 Rehabilitation Strategies for Pastoral/Arable Production Systems
    • 4.5.1 >300mm, 4.5.2 100 mm - 300 mm, 4.5.3 50 - 100 mm, 4.5.4 25 - 50 mm, 4.5.5 5-25 mm, 4.5.6 0-5 mm
  • 4.6 Other Issues
• 5.0 Impacts of Ash Fall on New Zealand Horticulture
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Impacts from other natural events
    • Cyclone Bola, Defoliation, Kiwifruit Hail, Kiwifruit Frost, Pipfruit Hail
  • 5.3 Ash Fall Effects On Horticulture
    • Physical Effects, Chemical Effects, Social/Infrastructure
  • 5.4 Mitigation
    • Beehives, Cauliflower
  • 5.5 Ash Depth Scenarios
    • <5 mm, 5 mm-25 mm, 25-50 mm, 100 mm, 100 - 500 mm, Over 500 mm, Over 2 metres,
  • 5.6 Rehabilitation
    • Trace Ash Level, Ash level Trace to 5 mm (Unconsolidated), Ash level 5-25 mm (Unconsolidated), Ash Depth 25-100mm (Unconsolidated), Ash depth >150mm (Unconsolidated)
• 6.0 Impacts of Ash Fall on New Zealand Production Forestry
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Forest Impacts
  • 6.3 Burial
  • 6.4 Breakage
  • 6.5 Fire
  • 6.6 Fertility
  • 6.7 Infrastructure
    • 6.7.1 Fire Fighting, 6.7.2 Access
  • 6.8 Other
  • 6.9 Scenarios
    • 6.9.1 General, 6.9.2 Auckland, 6.9.3 Mayor Island, 6.9.4 White Island, 6.9.5 Okataina, 6.9.6 Taupo, 6.9.7 Tongariro, 6.9.8 Ruapehu, 6.9.9 Taranaki
  • 6.11 Salvage of Buried Forest
• 7.0 Policy Implications
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 New Zealand's Direction in Emergency Management
    • Emergency Management Level 1, Emergency Management Level 2, Emergency Management Level 3
  • 7.3 Volcanic Eruption and New Zealand's Direction in Emergency Management
  • 7.4 New Zealand Experience
    • 7.4.1 Literature Review, 7.4.2 Survey Results, Response to ruapehu eruptions 1995 and 1996, emergency response plans, role of central government, response to rural community, areas for improvement
  • 7.5 Institutional Framework
    • Low Frequency:, Widespread Impact:, Significant Damage Potential:, Response:, Restoration:, Central Government, Producer Organisations
• Annexe c - National Contingency Plan For Volcanic Eruption
  • Introduction, Objectives, Scientific Alert Levels, Responsibilities, Recovery
• References

Contact for Enquiries

Manager
North Island Regions
Sector Performance Policy
MAF Policy
Hamilton
NEW ZEALAND

Phone: +64 7 957 8313
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