abatement:

see mitigation

aerobic:

living, active or occurring in the presence of oxygen

anaerobic:

living, active or occurring in the absence of oxygen

anthropogenic:

caused or produced by humans

Archea:

a group of anaerobic microorganisms that includes the methanogens residing in the rumen

AWMS:

animal waste management systems

biomass:

the total quantity of living matter in a particular habitat and plant and organic waste materials

BMP:

best management practice

bST:

bovine somototrophin

BT:

brown top

BW:

body weight

C:

carbon

Ca C₂:

calcium carbide

CF:

cocksfoot

CH_{4 :}

methane

cm:

centimetre

C/N ratio:

carbon:nitrogen ratio

CO₂:

carbon dioxide

CT:

condensed tannins

day^-1:

per day

DCD:

dicyandiamide

DDMI:

digestible dry matter intake

Dig:

DM digestibility

DM:

dry matter

DMI:

dry matter intake

DMPP:

3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, ENTECTM

DNDC:

denitrification-decomposition

Dsa:

summer grass

EF:

emission factor

eructation:

belching

FAO:

Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations

FCM/d:

fat corrected milk per day

flatus:

flatulence

FRST:

Foundation for Research, Science & Technology

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

g:

gram

g/d, g/day:

grams per day

GE:

gross energy

Gg:

giga gram; one billion grams or 10⁹ grams g/d

GHG

greenhouse gas(es)

GWP:

global warming potential

ha^-1:

per hectare

H_2:

hydrogen

HiSR:

high stocking rate

HMG-CoA:

hydroxymethylglutaryl-co-enzyme A

IEA:

International Energy Agency

IPCC:

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

kg:

kilogram

legume:

a plant that can fix nitrogen from the air by virtue of a symbiotic relationship with a microorganism

l/h:

litres per hour

LoSR:

low stocking rate

m:

metre

MAF:

Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

ME:

metabolisable energy

methanogen:

a microorganism that synthesises methane by combining hydrogen and carbon dioxide

mg:

milligram

mitigation:

an anthropogenic intervention to reduce the emissions or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases; abatement

MJ:

milli-joule

MJGE/d:

milli-joules of gross energy intake per day

ml:

millilitre

MY:

methane yield

nitrification:

the oxidation of ammonium to nitrite and the further oxidation of nitrite to nitrate by soil organisms

N:

nitrogen

N_2:

dinitrogen, nitrogen gas

N₂O:

nitrous oxide

¹⁵N:

isomer of nitrogen

NADH:

reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)

NE:

net energy

Ng:

nanogram

NH₃:

ammonia

NH₄⁺:

ammonium ion

⁶³Ni:

isomer of nickel

NO:

nitric oxide

NO₃^- :

nitrate ion

NO₂^-:

nitrite ion

NO_x :

any of several oxides of nitrogen

N m^-2 s^-1:

nitrogen per square metre per site

N/y:

nitrogen per year

OECD:

Office of Economic Cooperation and Development

PEG:

polyethylene glycol

PGGRC:

Pastoral Greenhouse Gas Research Consortium

ppb:

parts per billion

ppt:

parts per trillion

PR:

perennial ryegrass

RNA:

ribonucleic acid

s:

second

sCoA:

co-enzyme A

sd:

standard deviation

SF₆:

sulphur hexafluoride

t:

tonne

tg:

tera gram; one trillion grams or 10¹² grams

TMR:

total mixed rations

UNFCCC:

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

UP:

unimproved pasture

VFA:

volatile fatty acid(s)

WC:

white clover