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 Implications of Groundwater Nitrate Standards for Agricultural Management

Table of Contents

• Implications of Groundwater Nitrate Standards for Agricultural Management - Credits
  • Disclaimer
• Terms of Reference
• Guide to the Report's Layout
• Executive Summary
  • Summaries of Research Reviews
    • Arable , Vegetable , Dairy , Aquifer Studies , Economics , Interpretation of findings
  • Using the Findings of this Report
    • Nitrate Research , The Quality of Available Data , Policy Issues ,
  • Conclusions
    • Arable , Vegetable , Dairy , Aquifer Studies , Economics
  • Recommendations
    • General , Arable , Vegetable , Dairy , Aquifer Studies , Economics
• Introduction
• Section A - Synopses of Studies by Enterprise
  • Research Review - Arable Enterprises
    • Introduction to Research Reviews
      • `Typical' Arable Farm Management Practices , Nitrate Leaching Losses , Soil Nitrate and Net N Mineralisation , Methodology Used In Research Reviews
    • `Typical' Arable Farm Management Practices
      • Estimating Winter Nitrate Leaching Losses Under `Typical' Arable Farm Management Practices , Results , `Typical' Arable Farm Management Practices , Estimated Winter Nitrate Leaching Losses from Individual Crops under `Typical' Arable Farm Management Practices , Estimated Average Winter Nitrate Leaching Losses from Complete Farms under `Typical' Arable Farm Management Practices
    • Revised Arable Farm Management Practices
      • Estimated Average Winter Nitrate Leaching Losses from Complete Farms under Revised Arable Farm Management Practices , Revised Farm Management Practice Effects on Arable Farm Production , Aquifer Studies - Arable Enterprises , Seasonal Changes of Water Quality , Results of the Hydrological Modelling , Comparison of Predicted Nitrate Concentrations with Observed Values
    • Economic Impacts - Arable Enterprises
      • Economic and Production Implications of Adopting the Revised Management Practices , Estimated Costs to the Whole Farm , The Cost per kg of Nitrogen Leachate Reduction , The Estimated Costs to the Industry on this Aquifer
    • Synopsis of Vegetable Enterprise Studies
    • Research Review - Vegetable Enterprise
      • Background to Research Review , Methodology Used in Research Review , `Typical' Market Garden Management Practices , Estimating Leaching Losses Under `Typical' Market Garden Management Practices , Results
    • `Typical' Market Garden Practices
      • Estimated Leaching Losses From Individual Crops Under `Typical' Market Garden Management Practices , Estimated Average Winter Nitrate Leaching Losses from Complete Farms under `Typical' Vegetable Farm Management Practices
    • Revised Market Garden Management Practices
      • Estimated Nitrate Leaching Losses from Individual Crops under Revised Market Garden Management Practices , Estimated N Leaching Losses From Complete Farms Under Revised Market Garden Management Practices , Revised Management Practice Effects on Vegetable Production
    • Aquifer Studies - Vegetable Enterprise
      • Results of the Hydrological Modelling , Comparison of Predicted Nitrate Concentrations with Observed Values
    • Economic Impacts - Vegetable Enterprise
      • Economic and Production Implications of Adopting the Revised Management Practices , Financial Effects of Reduced Fertiliser Input to Potatoes , Financial Effects of Reduced Fertiliser Input to Onions , Financial Effects of Reduced Fertiliser on the Whole Farm , Financial Effects of Growing Green Crops , The Cost per kg of Nitrogen Leachate Reduction , The Estimated Costs to the Industry of Reducing Nitrogen Leaching
  • Synopsis of Dairy Enterprise Studies
    • Research Review - Dairy Enterprise
      • Background , Farm Management Practices , Fertiliser Application Rates , Nitrate Leaching Losses from Dairy Farms , Grazing Effects , Effluent Disposal , Fertiliser Application , Estimates of the Amount of Nitrogen Leached , Effect of Natural Soil Drainage on Nitrate Leaching , Methodology
    • `Typical' Dairy Farm Management Practices
      • Estimated Nitrate Leaching Losses Under `Typical' Dairy Farm Management Practices , Seasonal Leaching Pattern , Results , `Typical' Dairy Farm Management Practices , Estimated Leaching Losses under `Typical' Management Practices , Estimated Average Winter Nitrate Leaching Losses from Complete Farms under `Typical' Dairy Farm Management Practices
    • Revised Dairy Farm Practices
      • Estimated Leaching Losses under Revised Management , Estimated Average Winter Nitrate Leaching Losses from Complete Farms under Revised Dairy Farm Management Practices , Effects on Production of Revised Dairy Farm Practices
    • Aquifer Studies - Dairy Enterprise
      • The Hamilton Basin , Comparison of Predicted Nitrate Concentrations with Observed Values
    • Economic Impacts - Dairy Enterprise
    • Economic and Production Implications of Adopting the Revised Management Practices
• Section B - Conclusions and Recommendations
  • Arable Enterprise
    • Conclusions
    • Recommendations
  • Vegetable Enterprises
    • Conclusions
    • Recommendations
  • Dairy
    • Conclusions
    • Recommendations
  • Hydrology
    • Conclusions
    • Recommendations
  • Economics
    • Conclusions
    • Recommendations
• Section C - Complete Research Reviews by Enterprise
  • Arable Enterprise
    • Summary , Introduction , Background , `Typical' Arable Farm Management Practices , Soils and Drainage , Nitrate Leaching Losses , Soil Nitrate and Net N Mineralisation , Study Site , Methodology , `Typical' Arable Farm Management Practices , Estimating Winter Nitrate Leaching Losses under `Typical' Arable Farm Management Practices , Results , `Typical' Arable Farm Management Practices , Estimated Winter Nitrate Leaching Losses from Individual Crops under `Typical' Arable Farm Management Practices , Estimated Average Winter Nitrate Leaching Losses from Complete Farms under `Typical' Arable Farm Management Practices , Revised Arable Farm Management Practices , Estimated Winter Nitrate Leaching Losses from Individual Crops under Revised Arable Farm Management Practices , Estimated Average Winter Nitrate Leaching Losses from Complete Farms under Revised Arable Farm Management Practices , Revised Farm Management Practice Effects on Arable Farm Production , Conclusions , Recommendations
  • Vegetable Enterprise
    • Summary , Introduction , Background , Methodology , `Typical' Market Garden Management Practices , Estimating Leaching Losses under `Typical' Market Garden Management Practices , Results , `Typical' Market Garden Practices , Estimated Leaching Losses from Individual Crops under `Typical' Market Garden Management Practices , Leaching Losses from Complete `Typical' Farms , Revised Market Garden Management Practices , Lower N fertiliser Rates , Cover Crops , Estimated Nitrate Leaching Losses from Individual Crops under Revised Market Garden Management Practices , Estimated Nitrate Leaching Losses from Complete Farms under Revised Market Garden Management Practices , Revised Management Practice Effects on Vegetable Production , Conclusions , Recommendations
  • Dairy Enterprise
    • Summary , Introduction , Background , Study Site , Farm Management Practices , Nitrate Leaching Losses from Dairy Farms , Methodology , `Typical' Dairy Farm Management Practices , Estimating Nitrate Leaching Losses under `Typical' Dairy Farm Management Practices , Management Practices for a `Typical' Dairy Farm , Estimated Leaching Losses under `Typical' Management Practices , Final Estimate , Revised Dairy Farm Practices , Estimated Leaching Losses under Revised Management , Effects on Production of Revised Dairy Farm Practices , Conclusions , Recommendations
• Section D - Aquifer Studies
  • Summary , Introduction , Background , Methodology , Overview of Groundwater Nitrate Concentrations in New Zealand , Hydrogeology , Hydrology - Estimation of Recharge , Estimation of Nitrate Leaching , Aquifer Model,   Results
  • Overview of Groundwater Nitrate in New Zealand
    • Aquifer Characteristics , Hydrological Summary , Nitrate Leaching Losses - Results from Research Reviews , Land Areas of Farm Types , Predicted Nitrate Concentrations in Groundwater , Comparison of Predicted Nitrate Concentrations with Observed Values , The Impacts of Other Land Uses on the Study Aquifers , Variability of Nitrate Concentration with Time and Depth , Sensitivity of Groundwater Concentration to Changes in Leaching Losses , Sustainable Nitrate Leaching Losses
  • Conclusions
  • Recommendations
• Section E - Economic Impacts
  • Summary , Methodology , Aggregating the Data by Industry over the Aquifers , Results , Dairy , Cropping
  • Market Gardening , Sensitivity Analysis , Conclusions , Recommendations
• Section F - References and Appendices
  • References
    • Arable , Vegetable , Dairy , Hydrology , Economics
  • Acknowledgements:
  • References:
  • Details of the Project Team
  • Appendices
• PDF Version

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