- Callander, P.
- Cameron, K.,Prof & Di, H. J., Dr.
- Cameron, S., Forsyth, P., Turnbull, I. M. & Tait, T. M
- Chater, M. et al
- Collins, R., Ross, C., Donnison, A. & McLeod, M.
- Collins, R., Ross, C. & Donnison, A
C
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Title: |
Feasibility Report for Marlborough Water Augmentation Scheme |
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Author: |
Callander, P. |
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Publisher: |
Pattle Delamore Partners Ltd |
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Pub Date: |
2002 |
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Available: |
MAF Wellington |
Abstract: The feasibility study has been prepared to describe the scheme that is planned to resolve these water shortage issues in an effort to realise the many potential benefits. Section 2 defined the scheme area and the reasons why a community scheme can create a benefit within this chosen area. Section 3 describes the likely demand for irrigation water within the study area. Section 4,5,6 consider the water source and the use of storage to meet the water demand. Section 7 sets out the scheme design. Sections 8 and 9 describe the economic and environmental feasibility. Section 10 describes the resource consents that are being applied for and section 11 presents a concluding comment.
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Title: |
Integrated Modelling of Land use Impacts of Groundwater Quality on a regional scale |
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Author: |
Cameron, K.,Prof & Di, H. J., Dr. |
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Publisher: |
Centre for Soil & Environmental Quality, Lincoln University |
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Web Link: |
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Pub Date: |
2002 |
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Available: |
Environment Canterbury |
Abstract: This is the first progress report on the project "Integrated Modelling of Land Use Impacts on Groundwater Quality on a Regional scale". The project is planned as a three-year effort to create a mathematical model that can be used to predict the impacts of land use changes on nitrate concentrations in groundwater. This progress report covers the initial stage of the projec through June 2002.
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Title: |
Pre-feasibility Study for Marlborough Water Augmentation Scheme |
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Author: |
Callander, P. |
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Publisher: |
Pattle Delamore Partners Ltd |
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Pub Date: |
2001 |
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Available: |
MAF Wellington |
Abstract: Pre-feasibility study study for a community based irrigation scheme in the Southern Wairau Plain.
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Title: |
Groundwater of the lower Shag Valley, North Otago |
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Author: |
Cameron, S., Forsyth, P., Turnbull, I. M. & Tait, T. M. |
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Publisher: |
Waitaki District Council |
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Pub Date: |
2003 |
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Available: |
MAF Wellington |
Abstract: This report was commissioned by the WDC as part of the AGMARDT project. It draws on existing geological mapping, outcrop and subsurface information, on flow gauging, groundwater level monitoring, and rainfall records to: Model the three dimensional shape and characteristics of the shallow Shag Valley aquifer Assess the potential of the deeper aquifer and Recommend further investigations in order to understand the lower Shag Valley alluvial groundwater system.
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Title: |
State of Canterbury Region Water Report 2002 |
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Author: |
Chater, M. et al. |
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Publisher: |
Environment Canterbury |
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Web Link: |
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Pub Date: |
2002 |
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Available: |
Environment Canterbury |
Abstract: This report reviews the state of Canterbury's water resources going into the 2002/03 summer. Read the summary or download the entire report for detailed information on the stage of Canterbury's water resources.
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Title: |
Riparian Attenuation of Faecal Microbes - Objective 2 of the Pathogen Transmission Routes Research Programme |
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Author: |
Collins, R., Ross, C., Donnison, A. & McLeod, M. |
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Publisher: |
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry |
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Web Link: |
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Pub Date: |
2003 |
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Available: |
MAF Website |
Abstract: Objective 2 of the Pathogen Transmission Routes Research Programme (PTRRP) focused upon two areas of related research: · faecal contamination of surface runoff; and · riparian attenuation of faecal microbes.
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Title: |
Management Strategies to mitigate faecal contamination inferred from analysis of data from the Waikato Region. |
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Author: |
Collins, R. |
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Web Link: |
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Pub Date: |
2002 |
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Available: |
MAF Website |
Abstract: Environment Waikato has collected E. coli data from 73 stream sites across the Waikato region that encompass a diverse range of faecal contaminant sources. Examination of this microbial dataset has been conducted in conjunction with a range of environmental factors including the physical characteristics of each catchment, the land management practices within it, and dynamic processes such as hydrological and meteorological conditions. This approach has highlighted the key processes determining faecal contamination of waterways, and identified some mitigating practices. With the exception of a few sites, the discharge of point sources direct to waterways appears not to influence median E. coli concentrations. This is attributed to the relatively low number of consented discharges that cause faecal contamination, and to improvements in the treatment of waste water. Median E. coli concentrations across the region range from 1 to 1300 cfu/100mL and, at 53 of the 73 sites sampled, they exceed the guideline for freshwater recreation (a median value of 126 cfu/100mL). The pattern of contamination across the Waikato is dominated by the presence of grazing livestock and the highest median E. coli concentrations are associated with the most intensive dairy farming in the centre of the region. Conversely, the lowest median values are found in forested catchments, although E. coli concentrations are always measurable, indicating contamination by wild animals. Strategies to reduce faecal contamination of streams and rivers in the Waikato region should focus upon grazing livestock. Cattle access to streams and near-channel areas is likely to dominate faecal contamination, and mitigation measures may, therefore, be best directed at riparian zones. Permanent fencing to exclude livestock from stream channels and a proportion of riparian land is likely to be the most effective means of reducing faecal contamination by grazing cattle. There are also a number of riparian management alternatives to permanent fencing that may not be as effective but should still reduce faecal contamination. The percentage of poorly drained soil within a watershed is a relatively strong predictor of median E. coli. This is probably attributable to the generation of appreciable overland flow that can rapidly transport faecal material to waterways. It is also likely that artificial drainage in poorly drained soils accelerates the transport of faecal microbes to streams. The bacterial water quality of streams draining such soils is likely to be particularly sensitive to livestock grazing and the application of effluent to land. Appropriate mitigation measures on land underlain by poorly drained soils may include the adoption of less intensive farming practices, optimising the timing of effluent application to land to avoid periods when the soil is saturated, wetland treatment of wastes, surface runoff and sub-surface drainage, and retirement of riparian areas from grazing. A weak inverse relationship was found between the presence of a wetland within a catchment and median E. coli. A tentative inference is drawn therefore that wetlands may act to attenuate faecal contamination. A statistical model explains almost 70% of the observed variance in median E. coli across the region. There are 3 explanatory variables: the percentage of poorly drained soil, density of cattle, and median turbidity at the catchment outlet. The model potentially provides a means of predicting faecal contamination through the use of basic environmental data. Some future directions for research are identified. A major challenge for researchers and resource managers alike will be to develop a method of characterising riparian zones with respect to livestock access to channels and the function of vegetation in trapping overland flow of faecal contamination.
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Title: |
Riparian Attenuation of Faecal Microbes |
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Author: |
Collins, R., Ross, C. & Donnison, A. |
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Publisher: |
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry |
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Web Link: |
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Pub Date: |
2002 |
Abstract: A field study has been undertaken to determine the ability of riparian buffer strips to trap Campylobacter and E. coli. Sloping grass plots (length 5 or 1 m, width 2 m) were irrigated with clean water to generate steady surface runoff. 20 litres of farm dairy effluent, artificially contaminated with C. jejuni, was then applied to the surface, at the top of the plots, over 2-3 minutes. Irrigation with clean water was continued for 40-60 minutes. The outflow at the lower end of the plots was sampled for microbial analysis. Irrigation then ceased for 5-12 days. The plots were then irrigated again with clean water and sampled to investigate whether microbes remaining after the first trial were remobilised.
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